Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is a welding process that has revolutionized the welding industry due to its efficiency and quality results. This technique involves the formation of an electric arc between a continuously fed electrode and the base material, which is submerged under a layer of granular flux. SAW is widely used in various industries and offers several advantages over other welding methods. 
Principles of Submerged Arc Welding:
Electrical Circuit: SAW employs a direct current (DC) power source to create an arc between the electrode and the workpiece.
Consumables: A continuous wire electrode is fed through a welding gun. The wire is coated with flux, which provides a protective shield and facilitates the molten metal’s solidification.
Granular Flux: A layer of granular flux is poured over the welding zone. It acts as a protective blanket, preventing the atmospheric contamination.
Applications of Submerged Arc Welding:
Fabrication Industry: SAW is extensively used for welding large structures, such as heavy machinery, ships, bridge components, and storage tanks.
Pipelines: It is a preferred method for pipeline welding due to its high deposition rates and deep penetration capabilities.
Oil and Gas Industry: SAW is commonly employed in offshore platforms, refineries, and pipelines to ensure high-quality, durable welds.
Construction Sector: SAW is utilized in the construction of buildings, bridges, and highway structures. It offers excellent bonding strength and exceptional weld appearance.
Pressure Vessels: SAW plays a crucial role in manufacturing pressure vessels for applications in various industries, including chemical and nuclear sectors.
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) has emerged as a game-changer in the welding industry, providing efficient, high-quality, and cost-effective welding solutions.